Tuesday, December 17, 2019
The Military s Customs And Courtesies - 1503 Words
The military has an extremely copious amount of traditions and methods of conducting its activity. The older ones around are undoubtedly the militaryââ¬â¢s rules, and regulations on custom and courtesies. The following RBI will serve to describe the importance and significance behind the militaryââ¬â¢s customs and courtesies. These traditions are fundamental to military life. The seven army values are also a large aspect of where military behavior and practices stems from. The customs and courtesies we abide by, govern our actions with and without uniform. More specifically they govern our behavior in professional, and social interactions. In the military, there are many special situations not found in civilian life, which require a certain way ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Some customs not regulated by a regulation are as followsâ⬠¦ No excuses No jumping the chain of command If you donââ¬â¢t know the answer ââ¬Å"I will find out SIR/SGTâ⬠is expected. Not ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t knowâ⬠, or ââ¬Å"Ummm, I thinkâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ The superior ranking service member gets the better accommodations. Superior ranking service member does not have to clean, or do details Courtesies are traditionally defined as the showing of politeness in oneââ¬â¢s attitude and behavior towards others. Military courtesies are defined as the manners and politeness in interacting with other military members. Courtesies are in accordance with displaying respect for both subordinate, and senior service members. Military courtesies are one of the first skills learned in basic training. This instils it in every soldier, sailor, marine, airman, and coast guardsman as an integral part of military service. One of the reasons why this is so critical is due to the interrelationships that must be created to accomplish the mission at hand. People from all walks of life are to interact and work together, or against each other towards a goal. Having a standard for interacting with others serves to eliminate many negative encounters that may come about. Mutual respect though at times lacking, is extremely important as well. No matter what rank, sex, or race all military personnel must have a basic level of respect for their fellow brothers and sisters in arms. SomeShow MoreRelatedMilitary Customs1519 Words à |à 7 PagesMilitary Customs and Courtesies In the Army and throughout every branch there are certain customs and courtesies that every soldier and military member must follow in order for there to be order and discipline on a daily basis. Customs and courtesies are put in to place to show respect for Non Commissioned Officers and for Officers of all rank. In this essay, I will be writing about the importance of salutes, standing at the correct position when talking to someone higher ranking than yourselfRead MoreCustoms and Courtesies in the Army3314 Words à |à 14 Pagespossibly the oldest one that has been around since before the Army was officially established and still lives today is the Armys rules, regulations and policies on customs and courtesies. In this form of a remedial block of instruction given to me by my team leader, due to certain circumstances I am to explain the Armys customs and courtesies and the importance they have always and still do hold within the Army. The Army is an organization that imprints pride and discipline in its soldiers, bothRead MoreRespect for NCOs in the Army1063 Words à |à 5 PagesOlder than any individual group, organization, religion, civilization, culture or military, respect is almost as old, if not as old, as the human race itself. Respect started with prehistoric bands of people, looking for experience and leadership, and remains today as we know it within societies and militaries around the world. Indeed, nothing with an organizational hierarchy, including civilization itself, could exist as we know it today without the ongoing application of respect, in itsRead MoreCultural Awareness Of Saudi Arabia1101 Words à |à 5 Pagescivilization s way of life, their beliefs, morals, laws, and customs. Similarly to how American citizens follow the rules and regulations laid out in the constitution, the Saudi Arabian citizens use the Koran as their constitution. The people of Saudi Arabia culturally identify as Muslim and Arab, which links them to millions of people beyond their borders. Originating from a hot desert climate, these people have learned to adapt and thrive for thousands of years. The country s industry boomedRead MorePunitive Articles of the Ucmj Article 892582 Words à |à 11 Pagesloses the protection of this article. That accused may not be convicted of being disrespectful to the officer who has so lost the entitlement to respect protected by Article 89. Nonjudicial Punishment (Article 15) Commander s Tool for Discipline ART. 15. COMMANDING OFFICER S NON-JUDICIAL PUNISHMENT (a) Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, and under such additional regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary concerned, limitations may be placed on the powers granted byRead MoreLa Befana, Carnevale, And Easter1581 Words à |à 7 PagesEaster Sunday to mark the event. Easter Monday (Angel s Monday, or Pasquetta, Little Easter) is also an official holiday,â⬠(Life In Italy). Many cities have parades in which statues of Jesus or Mary carried thru the streets. Knowing the meaning of and dates for the countryââ¬â¢s holidays and how to properly host or partake in the festivals will only strengthen the bonds that the military might have with the host nation. Customs and courtesies are a big part of the Italian way of life, as is religionRead MoreCultural Awareness Of El Salvador1295 Words à |à 6 Pagescorrupted government because that is something they have had to deal with since their independence, and children as young as the age of seven are militants walking around with weapons in their hands, becoming social terrors. At least during the 1980ââ¬â¢s this was the norm and what was culturally accepted in El Salvador. Being the smallest country within Central America. Slightly bigger than the state of Massachusetts, it is located Southwest of Honduras and Southeast of Guatemala. The 23 active volcanoesRead MoreCultural Characteristics Of A Nation s Culture Essay1662 Words à |à 7 PagesRussia has many cultural characteristics that have shaped the country we know today. A nation s culture can define its actions and make them more predictable as a state on the international level. Understanding a nationââ¬â¢s culture gives great insight into the motives and reasoning behind their aggression or acts of force. Factors such as geography, weather, political landscape, military, and key infrastructure provide a clear understanding of Russian culture and how it has shaped the nation overRead MoreEssay : A Partnership Based On Supply And Demand.1036 Words à |à 5 PagesEmirates (U.A.E.) is one of the United State of Americasââ¬â¢ Middle Eastern allies. U.A.E.ââ¬â¢s economy is very fortunate, which is why it attracts much of The United Statesââ¬â¢ (U.S.) upper-class. The country makes the majority of its money off of selling highly demanded resources like oil and natural gas. (United, 2014) These resources are some of the main reasons why the U.S. and U.A.E joined forces. The U.S. military plays a critical role in protecting the riches of this country. Air Defense ArtilleryRead MoreUnited Arabic Emirates Case Study1023 Words à |à 5 PagesEmirates (U.A.E.) is one of the United State of Americasââ¬â¢ Middle Eastern allies. U.A.E.ââ¬â¢s economy is very fortunate, which is why it attracts much of The United Statesââ¬â¢ (U.S.) upper-class. The country makes majority of its money off of selling highly demanded resources like oil and natural gas. (United, 2014) These resources are some of the main reasons why the U.S. and U.A.E joined forces. The U.S. military play a critical role in protecting the riches of this country. Air Defense Artillery (ADA)
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Identified Event Project
Question: Task 1 1. Write a report on the benefits of carrying out an identified event or project within an agreed time scale in order to meet the need of the project 2. List all the documents that are required for such an event using your experience as an event planner to evaluate and analyse the importance of these documents 3. In your report you must ensure that resources that are required for this event are listed and their benefits to the project/event are discussed and documented within your report 4. The final part of your report should give a critical analysis of how reviews and evaluations including the methods and resources were carried out Task 2 Your Report has been successful and you have convinced the Director and Board members to put on the event/project. Your next task is to present to the board your plan of action. 1. In your report you will document how you will Set up the Project, choose the completion date and allocate responsibilities 2. Detail within your report what leadership, effective time management skills will be necessary to pull such an event /project off 3. Assess and document the significance of stakeholder analysis when formulating new strategy 4. Take corrective action if necessary to keep the project on schedule and document this in your report Task 3 When working on putting on a project, it can never be successful without a team, whom manage different parts of the project for it to come together as a whole successfully. Therefore you are also required to document the following: 1. Choose the Appropriate size team and document each persons role writing down what skills this person has in adding value to the project, and hence why you choose that person to play that role 2. Document within your report what types of team building and conflict management skills are required when diffusing anger 3. Detail methods of co-ordination and communication used, and why you believe they were the most appropriate methods. Do not forget to include documents i.e. minutes of meeting, emails, telephone call logs etc. 4. What, why and how are resources going to be used in order to ensure the project is a success? Task 4 1. Create clear records of communication both internally, externally and of team meetings. 2. Document where use of information technology has been used 3. Produce information clearly, regularly and on time documenting when and what was produced. Answer: Task 1 1) Benefits of carrying out the identified event within the agreed time for meeting the needs of the project According to the outlook and opinion of Sadgrove (2015), the benefits of the event project focuses towards the completion of the project work within specified period. It focuses on the completion of the careers fair as well as the satisfaction of the students for whom the event will organize. The better the project will provide services to the customers, the more they will be satisfied. So, the better will be the publicity of the organization for managing the events in future. It will, therefore, increase the reputation of the organization along with the profits. The employees will retain to the maximum extent. 2) Documents required for such events as event planner along with analyzing the documents Conger (2015) commented that documentation of the essentialities and requirements are essential for the event manager to know from the clients. It is due to that the better the event manager will be working on the clients demand and making it fulfilled, the more the proportion of satisfaction will increase. The documents essential are for making the entire organization work based on it. The reasons behind the occurrence of the event are the type of decorations; the companies invited, the students those are enrolling their names are all included in the documentation. Moreover, the time of completion of the event also specifies for a good organization of the event (Reijers et al. 2015). 3) Resources that required for the event There are certain reasons for making the entire organization work accordingly for organizing a good event for the satisfaction of the customers. From the outlook and opinion of Carroll and Buchholtz (2014), the team members required for the event are the managers for overall monitoring of the entire event. The companies is therefore contacted and invited for joining the careers fair for providing advice to the students like Joe for choosing the correct career path. 4) Critical analysis of the reviews As commented by Hart (2015), the event organizer analyzes the reports as well as evaluations those carried out in the career fair. The companies dealing with marketing, legal, financial and operations called for the students like Joe seeking for career guidance. Other than this, the students names along with their skills and qualifications enrolled to see which company and job profile will be matching with them. Task 2 1) Documentation of the plan and allocation of responsibilities From the outlook and opinion of Meyr et al. (2015), the careers fair is held in the city of Leeds and the companies related to several occupations invited. The students are also invited from every corner of UK to join the careers fair. Moreover, for setting up the careers fair at the University of Leeds, the companies and enrollment of the students necessary. Other than this, the careers fair is to e held for four days from morning 8 am to evening 5 pm. It will be held from 5th November 2015 to 9th November 2015. As commented by Jennings et al. (2015), the staff members of the organization have to enroll the names of the students along with their skills and specializations. Then, accordingly, the students are sent to the companies that go best with their skills. 2) Essentiality in the project The overall time management is necessary that helps in the completion of the project within specified period. The effective time management helps in the overall management of event within specified period and with effectiveness in time (Webster, 2015). A good leadership is necessary for the conduction of the event in time. Necessary supply of water, cleanliness of toiletries, etc. helps in the completion of the project. 3) Assessing and documentation the significance of the analysis of the stakeholder For formulating the new strategies, the stakeholder analysis helps necessary that helps in understanding the need and requirements of the careers fair. Other than this, it also helps members in the management of the team along with its staff members for completion of the project in specified period (Hatten, 2015). The new strategies help in the utmost completion of the project in time and with fruitful results. 4) Corrective action for documentation of the project The project helps in scheduling the overall activities of the project in time. It also fully documents the students involved along with the organizations those have taken part in the project completion (Strumickas and Valanciene, 2015). It also helps in taking the overall project completion in time along with the essential requirements and resources for completing it. Task 3 1) Documentation of the team along with the roles The stem size for organizing the event is of twenty people along with the manager. The five members of the team engage them in enrolling the organizations name along with the members coming for representing the organization. These people have the skills of marketing (Sadgrove, 2015). Other than this, the other five people specializing in operations take care of the computers and laptops provided to the students as well as the organizations. The next five people from the financial department responsible for enrolling the student names and the money provided for joining the event. The last four people and the manager overall check the event planning and also do the monitoring (Ceponiene et al. 2015). 2) Documentation of the types of team building and conflict management skills The team members should have excellent communications within the team along with the excellent management skills. Taking care of huge organizations along with the overall management of the skills also help in effective building of the team (Conger, 2015). Other than this, the anger entering in the teamwork can ruin the entire work. So, the anger management is essential within the team for the effective operation of the event. 3) Methods of coordination and communication Communication being one of the best parts of the organization that helps in the overall management of the system. The communication media are the telephone, emails, calls logs, etc. that helps in the effective documentation as well as communication in the team. It also includes the time allocated for each of the students for having the face to face interaction with the organization (Reijers et al. 2015). It also includes the stipulated time of having breaks between the interviews. Other than this, the emails help in the documentation of the entire project that helps in entire project scheduling and timing. 4) Resources for ensuring the success of project The resources those sending ensure the success of the project as because it will be methodical in nature. Other than this, the resources also help in making the entire project work in the most stipulated way that ensures success. The overall event scheduling and implementation in stipulated time help in the accomplishment of the work in time. Moreover, the human resources of the team that is the team members handle overall monitoring of the event (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014). It therefore, helps in the overall completion of the work methodically as well as in stipulated time. Task 4 1) Requirement of communication The communication is essential for managing the event. Both internal, as well as external communication with the team members, should be present that helps in making the work methodical in nature. Hart (2015) commented on the essential fact that the internal, as well as external communication, also helps in team meetings to organize the task more beautifully. The communication also helps in understanding the event and the reason behind the organizing it. It also helps in communicating the requirements of clients to all the team members to work accordingly. 2) Usage of the information technology From the outlook and opinion of Slack (2015), the information technology plays an important role in the organizing the entire event successfully. The information technologies such as phones are necessary for calling and messaging the team members for doing the work accordingly. Other than this, it also includes the use of emails where the event manager receives the requirements of the clients. From the event manager, the tasks are segregated among the staff members based on their specialization. So, it is seen that in every step of the organization, the information technology is essential. 3) Documentation of the entire event According to the outlook and opinion of Ceponiene et al. (2015), the information received from the clients is essential and need to be circulated to the team members. The better the circulation, as well as documentation, will be, the more the event will be organized in the better way. The documentation also focuses towards the completion the event management at the time that the client has specified. The documentation also includes the time of completion, the materials required as well as resources that help in organizing the entire work within time. The overall management also included the food items and drinks that will serve at the time. References Hart, C. V. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,069,930. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Hatten, T. S. (2015).Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Cengage Learning. Sadgrove, M. K. (2015).The complete guide to business risk management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Meyr, H., Wagner, M., and Rohde, J. (2015). Structure of advanced planning systems. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 99-106). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jennings, C. L., Mishra, R., Nayar, T., and Russell, L. W. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,984,119. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Webster, L. (2015).An evaluation of the feasibility of setting up an event interior specialist business in cardiff(Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff Metropolitan University). Conger, S. (2015). Six sigma and business process management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 127-146). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Strumickas, M., and Valanciene, L. (2015). Research of management accounting changes in Lithuanian business organizations.Engineering Economics,63(4). Reijers, H. A., Mendling, J., and Recker, J. (2015). Business process quality management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 167-185). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ceponiene, L., Nemuraite, L., and Vedrickas, G. (2015). Separation of event and constraint rules in UMLandOCL models of service oriented information systems.Information technology and control,38(1). Carroll, A., and Buchholtz, A. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Cengage Learning.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Mortal Pursuit Essays - English-language Films,
Mortal Pursuit Trish Robinson- She is a rookie cop that entered the police force for about a week. She has not done very much for her first week being a cop, but today she would never imagine what she had to go through. On the first day of her second week she get yelled at by her captain for being late, so he assigns her to go along with an experienced cop on a night watch. From the very firs minute that the cop meets her, he can tell that she is very special, and he knows that she will become a really good cop. Ally Kent- She is a little girl that is being held hostage at her own home along with her family, and her parent's friends. She is only 15 years old but she is very smart, and very mature for her age. Through out the whole ordeal she quickly becomes a victim and almost gets raped by the headman of the whole operation. Until Trish and her partner come to the house, Ally becomes a really good friend of Trish Robinson. Cain- He is the terrorist that has broken into the Kent household for the evening, him and his killing-crazy buddies have made the house a battlefield. He had plans to rob the Kent's and make a couple of deals with Mr. Kent. Not until Trish Robinson shows up he knows the true meaning of hatred towards another person, but he also learns that it's going to be really hard to get rid of her. PLOT SUMMARY Its just another routine patrol for Trish Robinson and her partner Wald. Everything was going good until they both responded to a prowler watch outside of the Kent estate, in the mean time Cain and his deadly killers are plotting to trap the Kent's and their guests inside their beautiful home. On the way to the Kent's house Wald is reassuring Trish that there's nothing to worry about and that she will be fine, and usually when someone is reporting a prowler outside their home its an animal or something. It makes her feel better, but if they only knew what they were really getting into. They come to find that the Kent's are being held hostage. They kill Wald soon after that, and they put Trish in the trunk of the patrol car and dumped both of them in the lake. Somehow Trish figured out a way of getting out of the trunk, and she just had to go back and rescue everyone, even thought she knew that she could get killed in the process. She especially had to rescue Ally, and only because she reminded Trish of a childhood friend that she had that got killed by Cain, 16 years earlier. Through out the book, her and Ally came really close to getting killed by Cain and the rest of his killers. In the end, they both succeeded and they were able to save everyone that was worth saving. OPINION OF BOOK I really enjoyed this book because at the beginning of the book it was kind of like every other book that you have ever read, and then it started to get really interesting. It was really suspenseful, and it really kept me on the story. It was one of those books that you wish that you had the whole time in the world to actually be able to read it, and actually keep reading it. And it was also one of those books that you wish that they would go on forever, and that they should make it into a movie, but then again all the movies are the same. Other than that I really enjoyed the book, and I recommend it to anyone that likes this kind of book.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Remo And Juilet Essays - West Side Story, Sharks, Maria, Borth
Remo And Juilet Essays - West Side Story, Sharks, Maria, Borth Remo and Juilet There are three ways that remo and juilet are the same and three ways there are differnt.One way is the groups that they are divied into.Another way there are the same is both of the main charters fall in love.The third way they are the same is the fighting.The three was they are differnt are maria didnt die Juilet did, borth place,and the setting. The first way there are the same is they both had groups that they where in.The two groups that they were fighting in,remo and Juilet where the montagooes and the caplets.In westside story the two groups that where fighting were the sharks and the jets.The mantagooes and the caplets where fighting because the famlies didnt like each other.The sharks and the jets where fighting because the jets wanted the sharks off there turf. The second way there are the same both of the main harters fall in love.In Remo and Juilet are the main charters and they fall in love.In westside story the two main charters are Tony and Maria.Remo and Juilet want to be together but ther families are fighting.Tony and Maria want to be together but the sharks and the jets are fighting.Maria is antanos brother and he is with the sharks Tony is with the jets. The third way they are the same is all the fighting that is goning on.The sharks and the jets are fighting.Also the mantooges and the caplets are fighting.The jets want the sharks off there turf because they are puricans and they dont like puricans.The mantoogues and hte caplets are fighting because the two families dont like each other. The first wat they are differnt is the borth place Remo and Juilet and the sharks and the jets.Remo and Juilet took place in Italy.The sharks where born in puardo rico.The jets where in new york.Remo and Juilet and the sharks and the jets where all born in differnt places. The second way ther are differnt is the setting where Remo and Juilet and westside story took place.Remo and Juilet took place in Italy.Westside stroy took place in New York.REMo and Juilet mainly took place in the garden by juilets window.Westside story mainly took place at some tennis courts. Third way they are differnt is that Juilet died maria didnt die.Juilet died because she saw that remo drank some poisn and killed himself so juilet didnt want to be alone so sh drank the poisn and killed herself.Maria wasnt as dumb as juilet when tony got shoot she didnt kill herself she cryed alot.The reason she didnt die was that the buillet missed herv and got tony.Thats how juilet died and maria didnt. In conclusion there are three contrasts that i picked I thought was mainly about the two storys.Maria didnt die,the borth place,and the setting.Also this is why I picked these three comparsions that I thought was manily about the two storys,the groups that they where in,the two main charterfall in love,and all the fighting.This is how they are the same and this ids how they are differnt.
Friday, November 22, 2019
A Person Is Not a They. Neither Is an Army.
A Person Is Not a They. Neither Is an Army. A Person Is Not a ââ¬Å"They.â⬠Neither Is an Army. A Person Is Not a ââ¬Å"They.â⬠Neither Is an Army. By Guest Author So you want to be politically correct, you want to be inclusive, and you would never assume that every nurse and every teacher in the world is a ââ¬Å"she.â⬠Right? Right. But sometimes this worthy thought leads us to perform some very clumsy gymnastics. Consider this passage from a guide for a doctorââ¬â¢s front office staff: Show the patient how to use their medicine. Does this patient have three heads with three mouths through which to ingest medications? Or maybe the patient is using a medication produced by several Big Pharma companies? We can see the impulse behind this absurdity: whoever wrote this document didnââ¬â¢t want to suggest that every patient in the practice was a ââ¬Å"he.â⬠Or a ââ¬Å"she,â⬠unless the docââ¬â¢ was a gynecologist. But this good intention led to a moment of bad grammar: pronouns need to agree with their nouns. We have several alternatives that honor our desire for inclusiveness without sliding into the ridiculousness. One obvious strategy is simply to make the noun plural: Show patients how to use their medicine. Another is to change the pronoun (his, her, its) to an article (the, a, an): Show the patient how to use the medicine. Or, if it works in the context, we can change the singular ââ¬Å"medicineâ⬠to the plural: Show the patient how to use medicines. Each of these approaches allows the writer to make sense without offending anyoneââ¬â¢s sensibilities. Remember: in U.S. English, collective nouns are singular: Zappit Electric just raised its rates. (Not ââ¬Å"their ratesâ⬠) An army travels on its stomach. (Not ââ¬Å"their stomachâ⬠) The jury returned its verdict. (Not ââ¬Å"their verdictâ⬠) Not so in the Queenââ¬â¢s English: Brits see collective nouns as plural (e.g., The jury returned their verdict). But when youââ¬â¢re writing for a U.S. publisher, corporation, government agencie, and similar entities, take singular verbs and singular pronouns. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryAcronym vs. Initialism20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Epicenter and Magnitude of the Earthquake Assignment
Epicenter and Magnitude of the Earthquake - Assignment Example To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, the seismologists examine seismograms from three seismic stations. The seismologists measure the time interval of S-waves and P-waves in about 45 seconds and place the vertical lines at an interval of about 2 seconds. The measured S-P time interval will help to determine waves distance of travel from the focus to the station. It is paramount to note that the actual location of the epicenter is on the circle's perimeter to be drawn around the station. Therefore, to triangulate this position, there must be three seismic stations. A circle with an appropriate radius is drawn around every station and where the three circles intersect is the epicenter of the earthquake. à The seismologists use a well-known Richter scale to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. To determine the earthquakeââ¬â¢s Richter magnitude, seismologists require one to know the surface the waveââ¬â¢s amplitude and the distance to the origin of the earthquake at the seismic recording site or location. The distance of the seismic recording and footage station from the epicenter can be determined by getting the time difference between the arrival of the P-waves and S-waves at the station. The difference is called S-P interval. The amplitude of the surface wave depends on the earthquakes magnitude and the distance between the epicenter and recording station. It is a measure of how many millimeters the ground will move at the recording station. The amplitude and S-P interval is then used to determine the Richter magnitude.
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Fragile X Syndrome and Its Impact on Children's Language Essay
Fragile X Syndrome and Its Impact on Children's Language - Essay Example The condition, also called Martin-Bell syndrome, is statistically moderate to severe in boys and normally manifests a mild form of impairment in girls. From 15% to 20% of those with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) exhibit autistic-type behavior such as "poor eye contact, hand flapping, and poor sensory skills" (Edelson, 1995, para. 2). Males with fragile X syndrome may exhibit autistic-like behaviors, but it is not a major cause of autism. About 15 percent of persons with fragile X syndrome may meet diagnostic criteria at some point in their lives. The figure above shows the most common fragile X mutation- an expansion of extra DNA within a specific component of the FMR1 gene. In the premutation, the expansion is relatively small, however, in the full mutation the expansion is quite large and is usually accompanied by abnormal methylation. The presence of abnormal methylation leads to decreased production or absence of the FMR1 gene's protein product, called FMRP. The specific function of FMRP in the human brain is currently under study; current evidence suggests it may be involved in the regulation of proteins produced by other genes. Certain physical characteristics can be seen in an individual with fragile X syndrome. ... Other recognizable features are high-arched palate, strabismus (lazy eye), and, sometimes, mild heart valve abnormalities. Blood tests to determine levels of fragile X mental retardation protein can be done to diagnose the condition and several treatments can be undertaken as well as use of mild medications and therapy for speech, language and sensory improvement. Genetic counseling is recommended (Edelson, 1995). In 1991, the fragile X gene (FMR1) was characterized and found to contain a tandemly repeated sequence, and the larger the size of this permutation in a woman, the more risk that full mutation can occur in her offspring (Fragile X: Diagnostic, para. 3). The genotype can be determined more accurately with DNA testing. Full mutation occurs with one in 3,600 males and one in 4,000-6,000 females (Smith, 2006). Various degrees of mutation, however, occur in one in 1,200 males and one in 2,500 females, and testing should be considered in the following cases: Individuals of either sex with mental retardation, developmental delay, or autism, especially if they have (a) any physical or behavioral characteristics of fragile X syndrome, (b) a family history of fragile X syndrome, or (c) male or female relatives with undiagnosed mental retardation. Individuals seeking reproductive counseling who have (a) a family history of fragile X syndrome or (b) a family history of undiagnosed mental retardation. Fetuses of known carrier mothers. Patients who have a cytogenetic fragile X test result that is discordant with their phenotype. These include patients who have a strong clinical indication (including risk of being a carrier) and who have had a negative or ambiguous test result, and patients with an
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)